Introduction

Environmental injustice is a pervasive problem that disproportionately affects marginalised communities around the world. While environmental issues are a global concern, not everyone is impacted equally. Certain communities, often low-income and unemployed bear the brunt of environmental harm. This blog post aims to shed light on five key environmental issues that can lead to environmental injustice.

Air Pollution

Air pollution is a significant environmental issue that plagues both urban and rural areas, but those living in high-density urban settlements are most affected. The emissions from factories, vehicles, and power plants release harmful pollutants into the air, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Communities living near industrial zones or major transportation hubs are exposed to high levels of air pollution, leading to respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and decreased quality of life.

Low-income neighbourhoods and communities living in townships often bear the brunt of air pollution due to their proximity to industrial areas and highways. The City of Johannesburg is a good example of this. Suburban Johannesburg is known as one of the largest urban forests in the world because of its tree-lined streets, gardens, golf courses, and an impressive 2,343 city parks – all mitigating the effects of air pollution by absorbing CO2 and releasing oxygen. The township areas of Johannesburg, on the other hand, are situated in outlying, industrial zones that are highly developed. Those living in the townships are more exposed to industrial pollution and do not enjoy the same levels of service delivery. They also do not receive the ecosystem services provided by green spaces.

Water Contamination

Access to clean and safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, but it remains elusive for many communities. Water contamination can result from industrial runoff, agricultural runoff, and aging infrastructure, which can expose residents to harmful chemicals and pathogens. Vulnerable communities often lack the resources to address water contamination issues and hold responsible parties accountable. This leads to prolonged exposure to unsafe water, exacerbating health problems and perpetuating environmental injustice.

Climate Change

Climate change is a global crisis with localised impacts. Extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and changing weather patterns can disproportionately affect communities with fewer resources to adapt and recover. Low-income neighbourhoods often lack adequate infrastructure, making them more susceptible to the devastating impacts of climate change.

Vulnerable communities face the greatest risks from climate change while contributing least to its causes. Lack of access to resources for climate adaptation and mitigation further deepens the disparities.

Land Degradation

Land degradation, caused by urbanisation, deforestation, overuse of agricultural land, alien and invasive species, and soil erosion, threatens ecosystems and can lead to food insecurity. Indigenous and rural communities often have strong ties to their land and are disproportionately affected when it is degraded.

Indigenous communities, in particular, are often marginalised and lack the legal protections to defend their lands. This results in the loss of cultural heritage and livelihoods.

Waste Disposal

The improper disposal of waste, including hazardous waste, can contaminate soil, water, and air. Landfills and waste incinerators are frequently located near marginalized communities, exposing residents to toxic chemicals and pollutants.

Communities with less political power and resources are often targeted for waste disposal facilities. They suffer the health consequences and environmental degradation while wealthier communities can avoid such facilities, exemplifying environmental injustice.

Conclusion

Addressing environmental injustice requires recognising and rectifying the disparities in environmental burdens and benefits among communities. It’s essential to advocate for equitable policies, enforce existing regulations, and prioritise the well-being of vulnerable populations. By addressing these five environmental issues and their associated injustices, we can work towards a more just and sustainable future for all.